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Pakistan’s National Minorities Day Champions Religious Harmony

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St. Francis Xavier Cathedral in Hyderabad, photo by A. Savin via Wikipedia.

On August 11, 2025, Pakistan celebrated its annual National Minorities Day. The day commemorates a speech that the country’s founder, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, made on Aug 11, 1947, where he stressed equal rights for all citizens regardless of religion. 

Pakistan’s constitution contains several provisions which intend to protect minority rights. In practice, however, Pakistan has a long way to go in protecting religious minorities, which primarily include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Ahmadi Muslims, and Shia Muslims, among other smaller groups. Persecution including violent attacks, abductions, and forced conversions against minorities still occur regularly in the country. Accusations of “blasphemy,” punishable by death in Pakistan, are used to incite violence, particularly against religious minorities and people with differing ideas. Studies have shown that Pakistani authorities, particularly in rural areas, act under pressure from extremist groups or fail to respond altogether.

National Minorities Day aims to remind society of the religious and socio-economic rights of Pakistan’s minorities, and promote religious harmony and peace. The day before National Minorities Day this year, minority rights groups rallied in the city of Karachi. One participant, Sardar Ram Singh, told The Associated Press, “The first demand is to end forced conversions. Second demand is that the places that non-Muslims, that minorities have given to the city, the schools, the colleges, they should be acknowledged and preserved.” Singh noted that some of these places had been taken over, and should be given back. The third demand, she said, was safety, security, and guarding places of worship for non-Muslims. 

Speakers advocated for changes to the legal and education system in the Pakistan to end religious hatred and discrimination.

Pakistan’s President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif made separate statements, each reaffirming their commitment to minority rights and religious harmony. In a press release, President Zardari said, “We remain determined to build a society free from prejudice — one that embraces diversity as a strength and is anchored in mutual respect, interfaith harmony, and shared progress.”

Zardari pointed out the contributions of minorities to Pakistan. He noted that minorities have served in the armed forces, judiciary, civil services, education and healthcare. He described their patriotism and service as “a source of pride for the entire nation.”

In his own statement, PM Shebaz said, “Our struggle is for a Pakistan where no citizen feels isolated or unsafe due to their religion, but where bonds of brotherhood rise above prejudice.”

Across the country, NGOs and activists commemorated the day. The Community Development Foundation (CDF), based in Jacobabad, posted on Facebook honoring the day, saying it continues to promote “peace through togetherness.”

The Sustainable Social Development Foundation (SSDF), based in Islamabad, says that minority rights day offers a valuable moment to “recommit ourselves to fostering a society that values the rights and dignity of all its citizens, regardless of their backgrounds.” The SSDF says that schools should “incorporate lessons on diversity, tolerance, and respect for all cultures and religions.” This, it said, involves teaching empathy and understanding through curricula highlighting the historical contributions of minorities in Pakistan.

The SSDF calls for interfaith dialogue and community workshops and initiatives to break down barriers. It also calls for legal reforms and new legislation to address emerging challenges and protect minorities from discrimination and violence. The organization also advocates for positive media representation of minorities which highlights their achievements and contributions to society, while combating negative stereotypes.

In May, Peace News Network (PNN) published an article about a forum in Pakistan’s city of Narowal which aimed to combat hate and extremism, and build peace. Pakistan’s Narowal Peace Dialogue Forum aimed to turn the memory of past violence into a platform for unity, as bitter polarization and extremist ideology threaten the nation’s social fabric. Read the full article here.

Keywords: Pakistan, religious minorities, minorities, National Minorities Day, minority rights, human rights, peace, conflict, conflict resolution, religious harmony

Sudanese Youth Stand Up for Peace From Abroad Despite the Devastation of War

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Sudan on a map, photo by Lara Jameson via Pexels. Photo cropped.

Sudan is in a dire situation. The country’s civil war broke out in April 2023, originating from a power struggle between Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) leader Abel Fattah al-Burhan and RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemedti. 

The war has left the country in what US Secretary of State Antony Blinken has described as the “world’s largest humanitarian crisis, leaving over 25 million Sudanese facing acute food insecurity and over 600,000 experiencing famine.” On January 7, 2025, United States Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield released a statement determining that “members of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied militias have committed genocide in Sudan.” The SAF has also committed war crimes.

Sudan is also dealing with disease, with 100,000 cholera cases reported, as well as famine.

Amidst this bleak reality, Sudanese youth are standing up for peace. On June 14, 2025, a group of Sudanese youth launched the ‘Voices of Peace’ campaign in Kampala, Uganda. Sa’ad Mohamed, Executive Director of the African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS), who inaugurated the campaign, told Sudanese media the campaign plans to build a “comprehensive peace process, with youth at its heart…” 

The campaign will do this, organizers said, by using social media and traditional arts to foster reconciliation and end the conflict. 

‘Hakamats,’ traditional Sudanese praise singers and storytellers, along with digital media, will spread messages of peace and coexistence. They will also monitor and document human rights abuses.

One campaign activist, Hanadi Al-Mak, said that youth are “the fuel of war and peace,” as they can be easily recruited to armed groups. She said, “We are trying to reverse this by training youth to be peace advocates.”

Founder and participant Asjad Bahaa said that ‘Voices for Peace’ is the second phase of a project of (ACJPS), which began in April focusing on documenting enforced disappearances. The campaign, she said, will train youth as monitors and documenters of human rights violations, tackling the issue of many activists having to flee due to security threats.

The campaign will feature monthly reports on violations in order to support youth participation in future peace negotiations. It will target eastern Sudanese states including Gedaref, Kassala, and Red Sea, along with River Nile, White Nile, and Al Jazirah, with monitoring teams in Kordofan and Darfur as well.

Meanwhile, on the ground in Sudan, UN agencies and NGOs are fighting poverty and partnering to empower youth to pave a different future. The Employment and Self-Employment through Strengthening Food and Livelihood Security project, in partnership with Education Above All Foundation (EAA) and UNDP Sudan, with support from the Qatar Fund For Development (QFFD) is one of these initiatives. The project is targeting 17,700 youth job placements through micro-grants, agricultural inputs, infrastructure rehabilitation, and cash-for-work schemes. It is expected to boost food security and livelihoods.

One beneficiary of the project, Daffalla Abdalla, 29, shared how the project has helped her. Abdalla depends on rain-fed agriculture to support her family of eight and engage in small trade after the farming season. She struggles with high plowing costs and delays in land preparation. “Access to improved seeds and farming tools, along with participation in agricultural cooperatives, is reducing my costs and helping me prepare my land on time,” she said. “This support is even more important as I’m also hosting five displaced relatives.”

Another project empowering Sudanese youth is the UNITAR Rapid Assistance Programme for Sudan (2024–2025), a Japan-funded online training initiative designed to support displaced youths and women. Alongside this initiative, UNESCO, in partnership with the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS), launched vocational training centres in Port Sudan and Kassala in 2024. These centres offering training in trades and digital literacy. They are tailored to crisis situations, and prioritize displaced learners and youth with disabilities, Agenzia Fides reported.

On July 25, the UN reported that over 1.3 million Sudanese people, including one million who were internally displaced and over 300,000 refugees, had returned home. On July 29, TRT Global reported that thousands of Sudanese were returning from Egypt into territory retaken by the Sudanese armed forces from the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary in Khartoum surrounding areas since the start of this year. As more Sudanese people return to their country, it will remain important to empower youth to rebuild.

Keywords: Sudan, Sudanese, youth, Khartoum, Darfur, peace, peacebuilding, conflict, conflict resolution, famine, hunger, starving, cholera, Uganda

This Week in Peace #93: August 8

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Goma, the capital of eastern DRC's North Kivu province, photo by Mad Knoxx Deluxe via Pexels.

This week, Thailand and Cambodia agree to 13-point ceasefire deal. M23 attacks risk threatening ceasefire. Syria’s ceasefire remains tense.

Thailand and Cambodia Agree to 13-Point Ceasefire Deal

This week, Thailand and Cambodia began talks about critical border security in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A secretary-level meeting from August 4 to 6 aimed to prepare representatives from both countries for high-stakes ministerial talks on August 7. 

The talks addressed six critical issues, The Nation reported: proposals for troop withdrawal and the establishment of safe zones; demilitarised zones or mutually acceptable oversight mechanisms to reduce long-term tensions; investigating incidents that occurred before the ceasefire, including clarification of military and civilian casualties; the establishment of local coordination channels; Thailand’s push for an intelligence information exchange system; and exploring the restoration of economic and social cooperation.

On the second day of the preliminary talks, Thailand made an eight-point proposal which aimed to sustain the preciously reached truce with Cambodia. On August 5, the Thai government’s Thai-Cambodian border situation management centre announced on Facebook that both sides had agreed on certain parts in principle. Thai Deputy Defence Minister Gen Nattaphon Narkphanit said that if Cambodia agreed to all eight Thai proposals, the issues would be cleared for final approval at the main General Border Committee (GBC) meeting. If the two parties only reached a partial agreement, the points that were agreed upon would be documented, and the rest would be deferred to the next round of discussions, he said.

At the meeting on August 7, the two countries agreed to a 13-point ceasefire deal.

M23 Attacks Risk Threatening DRC Ceasefire

Attacks by the M23 armed group in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) risk threatening the ceasefire deal signed on July 19  between M23 and the DRC government. On August 6, the UN human rights office (OHCHR) said it had received first-hand accounts indicating that at least 319 civilians were killed by M23 fighters, aided by members of the Rwanda Defence Force, between 9 and 21 July in North Kivu province. 

Most victims were farmers camping in their fields during the planting season. Among them were at least 48 women and 19 children. 

Despite the July 19 ceasefire, and the peace deal signed by DRC and Rwanda on June 27, humanitarian NGOs say that little has changed on the ground. Other armed groups have wreaked havoc on eastern DRC as well, including the Islamist group Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), which a Christian community in Ituri on July 27, killing 40 people.  Meanwhile, 7.8 million people are internally displaced, and 28 million people face food insecurity.

On July 29, Anadolu Ajensi reported that M23 rebels captured two villages in Masisi territory in eastern DRC, forcing villagers to flee. AA reported that fighting continues between M23 forces and Wazalendo militias, who support the Congolese army, across North Kivu and South Kivu provinces.

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk condemned the “surge of deadly violence,” declaring, “I urge the signatories and facilitators of both the Doha and Washington agreements to ensure that they rapidly translate into safety, security and real progress for civilians.”

Syria’s Ceasefire Remains Tense

The ceasefire in Syria’s southern Sweida province remains tense amidst the conflict between members of the Druze minority and Sunni Bedouin fighters. Between August 3 and 4, government-affiliated fighters clashed with Druze armed groups in the province. Meanwhile, in Syria’s north, government-affiliated fighters clashed with Kurdish-led forces who control much of the region, The Associated Press reported.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that one Druze, one member of security forces, and nine others were killed. 

State media said Druze militia factions attacked Syrian security forces, killing at least one member, citing an anonymous security official who said the ceasefire had been broken. 

Amidst the recent violence in Syria, government forces deployed to quell the violence have been accused of joining in attacks against the Druze community. On July 22, international media reported that one man, Hosam Saraya, 35 part of a family of eight Druze executed, was a US citizen from Oklahoma. A school in Sweida that Saraya founded blamed government-linked fighters for the attack.
These developments come amidst rising fears for Syrian minorities. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says that more than 1,700 people were killed in a predominantly Alawite region of Syria’s coast in March. A government committee identified 298 suspects implicated in serious violations during violence in the region.

Keywords: Thailand, Cambodia, DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo, DR Congo, Syria, Druze, peace, conflict, conflict resolution

DRC-Rwanda Relations Progress With Economic Cooperation

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Kigali City Hall in Rwanda, photo by Zdegiulio via Wikipedia.

After signing a historic peace deal on June 27, the DRC and Rwanda have since continued to progress in their relations. On July 31, the two countries held their first meeting of the Joint Oversight Committee, where they were joined by the African Union, Qatar, and the United States. The committee “discussed progress on implementing the agreement,” a joint statement by DRC and Rwanda read. 

The US State Department noted in a statement that meeting participants appointed Chairpersons to the Commission, agreed to governing terms, and prepared for the launch of the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism. It added that the committee serves as a platform for implementing the Peace Agreement and resolving disputes. 

On August 1, the two countries agreed on terms of economic cooperation across various sectors. The US State Department said the terms summarized a regional integration framework including: elements of cooperation on energy; infrastructure; mineral supply chains; national parks; and public health. Reuters reported that a source familiar with the matter said a preliminary draft of the framework has been agreed to and there would now be an input period to get reaction from the private sector and civil society before it is finalized.

The economic integration framework is designed, according to the peace deal, to introduce greater transparency into supply chains for critical minerals such as coltan and lithium, and should be effective by the end of September, RFI reported

The department described the meetings as a “significant step” in implementing the peace agreement. It said, “The United States reaffirms its commitment to supporting these efforts and, as the parties make progress implementing the Peace Agreement, looks forward to hosting the Summit of the Heads of State in Washington, DC, to drive peace, stability, and economic prosperity.”

The conflict between DRC and Rwanda reignited violently earlier this year when the M23 rebel group, allegedly backed by between 3,000 and 12,000 Rwandan soldiers, captured strategic cities including Goma and Bukavu in January and February 2025. These gains compounded a humanitarian emergency across eastern DRC, where hundreds of thousands were displaced and around 7,000 people were killed in early 2025.

In addition to economic integration, the peace agreement signed on June 27 also outlined the following commitments:

  1. Respect for territorial integrity and a prohibition of hostilities.
  2. Disengagement, disarmament, and conditional integration of non-state armed groups.
  3. The establishment of a Joint Security Coordination Mechanism, which incorporates a proposal discussed by the parties last year under Angolan mediation. 
  4. The facilitation of the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, as well as humanitarian access.

After the peace deal was signed, Peace News Network (PNN) published three videos in which Goma residents discussed their hopes and skepticism around the deal. The residents said that the agreement represented a unique opportunity, but its success would depend on its concrete implementation and the genuine will of the stakeholders involved. Justin Mwanatabu, a teacher and political analyst, said that DRC and Rwanda had watched war continue after many meetings, and therefore “doubts are allowed.”

On July 19, M23 and the DRC government signed a ceasefire declaration of principles in Doha, Qatar. However, on July 29, Anadolu Ajensi reported that M23 rebels captured two villages in Masisi territory in eastern DRC, forcing villagers to flee and risking jeapordizing the Doha agreement. AA reported that fighting continues between M23 forces and Wazalendo militias, who support the Congolese army, across North Kivu and South Kivu provinces. It remains to be seen whether the ceasefire will eventually be successful.

Keywords: DRC, Rwanda, economic cooperation, Congo, DR Congo, peace, progress, conflict, conflict resolution, Doha, Qatar, US

Global Gathering to Bring Together Local Peacebuilders

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Man and Woman Looking at City Buildings in Nairobi, Kenya, photo by PICHA via Pexels.

Local peacebuilding involves people from all walks of life coming together to promote peace and end violence in their communities. To Lina Maria, the co-founder of the peacebuilding initiative Agenda Jovin and a member of international charity Peace Direct’s Global Advisory Board, local peacebuilding refers to, “processes whose initiative and development arise from communities that organize themselves to resist contexts of violence, resolve conflicts, promote spaces for reconciliation or influence processes of negotiation and agreements between parties in dispute.”

This form of not dependent on political context, Maria said. Diana Ishaqat, a development practitioner, researcher, and heritage artist, also on Peace Direct’s Global Advisory Board, said that local peacebuilding’s focus is more grassroots. ”People can assume various roles in society without necessarily being a part of civil society organizations or negotiation parties. Teachers, artists, social workers, religious leaders and others could be peacebuilders,” she said.

The state of local peacebuilding today can look very different in different countries. For example, Ishaqat said that in the Middle East and West Asia, there is currently a lot of disillusionment with civil society and international organizations. The word “peace,” she said, has become synonymous with giving up on indigenous or local populations’ rights, or at least “meeting the aggressor halfway” under unjust terms. 

Yet, Ishaqat said, people still want to hear stories ‘from the ground,’ and many people follow citizen journalists and local content creators on social media. People want to participate in campaigns, fundraising, and awareness. 

Local peacebuilding struggles to gain as much recognition as political-level peacebuilding. “It is as if local peacebuilding were happening 30 floors below what happens at the political level, which is the top floor of the skyscraper, from which people look down to see the view and the landscape,” Maria said. “But in reality, it is the strong roots of these local processes that keep the structure from falling even if it wobbles.”

But Peace Direct is working to empower local peacebuilders from around the world. From October 13 to 17, 2025, Peace Direct will host a global peacebuilding gathering in Nairobi, Kenya. The gathering, titled Peace Connect, plans to bring together hundreds of peacebuilders from the Global South. 

Grace Rowley, Peace Direct’s Head of Fundraising and Communications, said, “We’re tired of conferences where people from the Global South are in the minority, being talked about by Global North donors and INGOs and not shaping the agenda.” She said that Peace Connect will feature “inspiring, useful and creative sessions” which will help drive change and strengthen collective efforts to build peace. The event also, she said, has a clear focus on mental health and self-care, as peacebuilding is “difficult and demanding work,” and peacebuilders can face mental health challenges. “Anyone coming to Peace Connect can access self-care practices, resilience-building strategies, and psychological well-being support,” Rowley said. 

One difference between a gathering and a conference or forum, Ishaqat said, is that at a conference or forum, “Most attendees are being ‘instructed’ and ‘taught’ rather than engaged in mutual exchange.”  

The event’s sessions will explore a wide range of topics including: Women, Peace, and Security; reimagining human rights in the Global South; trends shaping societies; documenting human rights violations; Youth, Peace, and Security; and more. A session titled “How change happens: philanthropy at a crossroads,” will discuss finding better ways to fund peace and development.

Ishaqat stressed that there has never been a greater need for voices of peace to stand by one another than there is now. “Human suffering is highly televised and constantly broadcast on our screens and social media. It is becoming normalized,” she said.

Maria says that gatherings are a good forum “not only to connect and learn from others but also to recognize our capacity and potential to achieve mobilizations and calls for collective action that transcends borders.”

Both Maria and Ishaqat value their past experience connecting with peacebuilders from other parts of the world. Maria has worked with youth leadership in Colombia as part of Agenda Joven. Her experiences with peacebuilding initiatives between young people from Turkish-Cypriot and Greek-Cypriot communities have taught her valuable lessons that she has kept with her as part of her work with Agenda Joven. She says she learned “to rethink the historical narratives behind the Turkish-Cypriot conflict that have made the partition to be perceived as something normalized in the lives of communities divided by a conflict that has not been transformed.”

Maria says her experiences with Peace Direct’s work around the world have taught her participatory approaches, adaptive management capacity and above all, the consolidation of peacebuilding networks.

Ishaqat says that her experiences meeting other peacebuilders have taught her the power of wellbeing and community healing events. In her Jordanian Circassian culture, she said, wellbeing is often neglected, and feeling low is seen as a sign of weakness or an inability to cope. “My perspective shifted significantly after working with a colleague from the Philippines,” she said. “I began exploring literature on the subject and realized that the community volunteering I’ve been involved in for over a decade had actually been a form of healing for me—I just didn’t recognize it at the time.”

Peacebuilders can buy tickets to Peace Connect at this link.

Keywords: peace, peacebuilding, local peacebuilding, peacebuilders, Kenya, Nairobi, global, gathering